Case Study: Women in the Clergy

Stephanie Milligan and Katie McIntosh

 

Definition of Clergy

• A body or order of persons specially trained and ordained to perform religious services.  For example, ministers, pastors, priests, and rabbis are members of the clergy.

• All the persons commissioned or otherwise designated for religious duties, including deacons, lay ministers, etc.

 

Short term Effects

• A woman’s occupation could be a leadership role in the church.

• There would be an increase in the number of people attempting to obtain clergy positions.

 

Long Term Effects

• Certain religions would create more denominations because of the opposing views on this issue.

• People could convert to another religion or change to another denomination if they didn’t like the decision that had been made.

• If a religion or denomination decided to prohibit women in the clergy, protests and debates may take place among woman activists.

 

Critical Analysis

Islam

• There is no clergy for Islam.

• Although men and women are considered equal in Allah's eyes, Muslim women are restricted from being imam (religious leaders).

• In the mosques, the men must worship in the front as the women worship in the back.  This is to prevent evil thoughts and temptations by the men, which may exist if the women bow down and prostrate in front of them.  This must be avoided during prayer.

• This is the reason why women can't be imam because imam lead from the front.

• A woman may lead a prayer service in her own home, among only family members, or if the congregation is purely female.

• Women cannot lead Salat specifically since Salat is a very fixed and formalized type of prayer.  Introducing a new style in Salat is prohibited, so since it has always been led by men, it always will be led by men.

 

Judaism

• A rabbi is the key member of the Jewish clergy.  Rabbi means “teacher” and this person is a trained scholar, counsellor, and performs special ceremonies. 

 

• A cantor leads the congregational services, chants prayers, and sings hymns.

• Women are not allowed to be a part of the clergy, as rabbis or cantors, in Orthodox Judaism.  Women and men have different roles that complement each other.

 

• In Conservative Judaism, women are allowed to become rabbis and cantors. 

• In Reconstructionist and Reform Judaism, both women and men can become rabbis and cantors.

Sikhism

• There is no clergy for Sikhism.

• The person who organizes daily services, teaches, and leads from the Guru Granth Sahib is called a granthi.

• Women can fully participate in religious services and become granthi.

• Any male or female Sikh that is competent to lead worship can do so.

• Sikh women may also perform kirtan-singing of religious hymns and even solemnize marriages.

 

Christianity

 

• “I do not permit a woman to teach or to have authority over a man; she must be silent.”   - 1 Timothy 2:12

 

• Orthodox and Catholic Christianity: consists of deacons, priests, and bishops

-Women are not allowed to be leaders, but they may participate in all other areas of the church.

-They follow their scripture (seen above) and follow the example of the twelve apostles and other leaders who were all male.

•  Protestant Christianity: consists of pastors and ministers, except for Anglicans who have deacons, priests, and bishops.

-     Most Protestant denominations allow women in the clergy.

-     Anglicans allow women to become deacons and priests, but few are allowed to become bishops.

-     Several Conservative Protestant denominations do not allow women in the clergy, such as the Southern Baptists.  They believe that the bible does not support women as pastors, and that the bible teaches that women cannot teach in authority over men.

 

Hinduism

• Although female priests were written about in the sacred Vedic texts, for a long time, priests could only be males from the Brahmin caste.

• Recently people realized that women are equally entitled to be priests.

• Hindu women have always been responsible for religion in the home and training the children.

• Some Hindus in rural India are opposed to the idea of women priests, believing that they make the ceremonies unreligious.

• Female Hindu priests are relatively common now.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bibliography

 

Brown, Stephen F., and Martha Morrison. Judaism- World Religions. New York: Brown Publishing Network, 1991.

 

Dhaliwal, Lovejit. Hindu women spread the word. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/1298208.stm> (April 16, 2005)

 

Diani, Hera. No room for women imam in mosques here, says expert. <http://www.thejakartapost.com/yesterdaydetail.asp?fileid=20050322.A07> (April 10, 2005)

 

Geldart, Anne. Exploring Religions- Judaism. Oxford: Heinemann Educational Publishers, 2000.

 

Grohol, John M. Clergy. 25 Mar. 2005. 15 Apr. 2005 <http://www.psychcentral.com/psypsych/wiki/Clergy#Christian_clergy>.

 

Grohol, John M. Clergy. 25 Mar. 2005. 15 Apr. 2005 <http://psychcentral.com/psypsych/wiki/Clergy#Judaism>.

 

Islam, Sayf ul. Women Imam Leading Men and Women in Salat. <http://www.islam4you.co.uk/news/articles/8/1/Women-Imam-Leading-Men-and-Women-in-Salat> (April 16, 2005)

 

Land, Richard. Keep the Faith. 2005. 15 Apr. 2005 <http://beliefnet.com/story/32/story_3293_1.html>.

 

Ramoutar, Paras.  Criticism and Acclaim Greet Trinidad's First Woman Priest. <http://www.hinduismtoday.com/archives/1994/2/1994-2-01.shtml> (April 16, 2005)

 

Robinson, Bruce A. Women as Clergy: Priests, Pastors, Ministers, Rabbis... 20 Oct. 2004. 14 Apr. 2005 <http://www.religioustolerance.org/femclrgy.htm>.

 

Quinlan, Don. Exploring World Religions. Don Mills: Oxford University Press, 2001.  

 

Wikipedia. Clergy. 17 Apr. 2005. 16 Apr. 2005 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clergy>. 

 

Author unknown. An Introduction to Sikhism. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/birmingham/faith/sikhism.shtml> (April 16, 2005)