Stalin wanted to increase birth rate; family was fundamental institution.

Cult of personality: uses mass media to create heroic public image through flattery and praise.

Franco, trained to respect authority, refused to participate in anti-government conspiracies.

Germany opened gaping holes in the Soviet defense capturing Minsk, Smolensk and Kiev. As the Red Army retreated, they put forth the scorched earth policy, strategy used by the Soviets, burning everything in their wake.

Allies quickly invaded the Soviet Union. It did not take long for German forces to reach deep into Soviet territory. The operation started on June 22, 1941. Soviets faced multiple defeats in December of 1941. Soviet Union conducts a counter attack during the Battle of Moscow which was very successful in defeating the German Army.

The most important objectives were advance far south east through the Caucasus region to capture the rich oil fields on the Caspian sea. The second was to advance east to Stalingrad which was the major industrial and transportation center on the west bank of the wide Volga river which was the main water way for Russia.

July 28th,1942: Stalin ordered that every granule of Soviet soil must be stubbornly defended to the last drop of blood. The secret police units were place behind Russian front units to kill anyone who would desert or retreat. Despite their desperate efforts, the Russian 62nd and 64th armies reached Volga but could not stop the German armies.

Russia had 40,000 troops based in Stalingrad but most were ill equipped reserve soldiers.

Russians had 14,000 heavy artillery guns, 1000 T-34 tanks and 1350 aircraft. All this was used in the surprise attack in the end of October.

The counter attack was a great success as the Russians attacked weak flanks of the Germans which were held by the 3rd and 4th sectors of the Romanian Armies. Russian artillery and tanks advanced on German lines as Germans realized this they started to move there troops in the direction of advancing Russians but it was too late for the Germans. 

On January 10, 1943: 47 divisions of the Russian army conducted a full on attack on remaining German forces but 6th army kept fighting on. Numbers fell by half, from starvation or harsh winters.