CHAPTER 11 NOTES
- 2 trends in the future
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population growth and population movement
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by 2025, over 8 billion
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after accounting deaths, 100 million more people
each year
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1960-1970s GREEN REVOLUTION
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crop yields thru use of irrigation, pesticides and
fertilizer
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GMOs = Genetically Modified organisms
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DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION THEORY
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Argues that the decline in the industrialized
state’s birth rate and death rate is a direct consequence of social and
economic development
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that with time, other states will follow
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infant mortality rates, birth rates b/c survival
is less certain
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Result in INFANTICIDE = killing of children
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But important step to control overpopulation
issue
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POPULATION BOMB (1970s)
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Massive in population threatened
standard of living and human life
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Background info on Thomas Malthus: (not in
text)
- British economist
- His theories focus on population growth and the effects it would have on the future society
- “population could not exceed food supply b/c it would result in economic hardship”
- Chapter mentions “NEO-MALTHUSIAN THEORY”
- Resources will be outstripped by population growth in modern era
- Therefore, strict population controls are needed
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UN conference
- Objective: plan to prevent population from exceeding 7.2 billion
- POPULATION EXPLOSION (2 types)
- Urbanization = growth in cities (easier for gov’t to regulate)
- demand for birth control policies
- MIGRATION = the crossing of borders for temporary or permanent stay
- Consist of Push-pull factors
- Push = unemployment, low wages
- Pull = promise of employment, wages
- Migrant = leave voluntarily
- Refugee: forced leave
- capital mobility: Ability of international investors to invest in foreign countries with minimal constraints due to increase in communication and transportation capabilities.
- immigration: arrival of a foreigner into a country with the intention of taking up permanent residence.
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emigration: leaving one’s home country to live in another.
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movement
of people in history:
Irredenta: territorially based minorities contiguous to a state controlled by their co-ethics. Usually created by shift in political geography—movement of border due to annexation or occupation.
Diaspora: groups of people who live outside their area of ethic origin, created by migration. (e.g. Germans in Tsarist Russia, Chinese in many Asian states…etc)
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Protecting
migrants
Xenophobia: a fear or hatred of others not in one’s social or ethnic group.)
ICPC: International Conference on Population and Development, which demands countries to protect migrant workers in their country in chapter 9& 10 of it, from Xenophobia and racism, and prevent migrant trafficking and exploitation.
IOM: International Organization for Migration, a multilateral organization that helps migrant and refugees to settle in new areas and to acquire need job skills.
Refugees
UNHCR: UN High commission for Refugees, the principle organization that aid and assist refugees.
ICRC: International Committee of Red Cross, UNHCR’s most significant intergovernmental partner in refugee relief work.
à The problem of refugee is actually acute on a global level, but not enough fund is going into solving this problem.
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2
types of internally displacees
àPeople who have fled warfare or extreme environmental degradation
àPeople who were moved by government for economical development.
Not considered refugee because they don’t cross national boarder.
Gender, the sex
trade & trafficking in migrants
à Women and children refugees are vulnerable and may become involved in sex trade, which represent failure to provide human rights + it helps spread of diseases.
à not enough is done about illegal immigrants, and causes dilemma of whether they deserves the same right as ordinary citizens.
Conclusion
à We are facing a population boom in poorer states, and people are more mobile and free to move then ever. How can we cope with this huge number of people and their movement? Can compassion survive?